Admissions

Admissions Through my work, I can accept the shovel without burying my grandmother’s memory. However, a simple walk on a hiking trail behind my house made me open my own eyes to the truth. I realized then that punk rock is not about music nor is it a guy with a blue Mohawk screaming protests. Punk rock is an attitude, a mindset, and very much a culture. It means making the best with what you have to contribute to a community. This was when I realized that I was a punk rock philosopher. Cancer, as powerful and invincible as it may seem, is a mere fraction of a person’s life. But I retreated to my desk where a pile of “Please draw this again and bring it to me tomorrow” papers lay, desperate for immediate treatment. Later, I even refused to attend the same elementary school and wouldn’t even eat meals with him. This essay could work for prompt’s 1, 2 and 7 for the Common App. However, I was focused not with learning itself, but with good grades and high test scores. I started to believe that academic perfection would be the only way to redeem myself in her eyes--to make up for what I had not done as a granddaughter. Over the years, everything--even honoring my grandmother--had become second to school and grades. Before I could resolve my guilt, I had to broaden my perspective of the world as well as my responsibilities to my fellow humans. I became desperately devoted to my education because I saw knowledge as the key to freeing myself from the chains of ignorance. While learning about cancer in school I promised myself that I would memorize every fact and absorb every detail in textbooks and online medical journals. And as I began to consider my future, I realized that what I learned in school would allow me to silence that which had silenced my grandmother. But the best dimension that language brought to my life is interpersonal connection. When I speak with people in their native language, I find I can connect with them on a more intimate level. One day, my mom brought home fresh cabbages and red pepper sauce. She brought out the old silver bowl and poured out the cabbages, smothering them with garlic and salt and pepper. Gingerly, my grandma stood up from the couch in the living room, and as if lured by the smell, sat by the silver bowl and dug her hands into the spiced cabbages. It’s easy to forget when one’s mind and body are so weak and vulnerable. I want to be there as an oncologist to remind them to take a walk once in a while, to remember that there’s so much more to life than a disease. While I physically treat their cancer, I want to lend patients emotional support and mental strength to escape the interruption and continue living. The world I come from consists of underwear, nuclear bombs, and punk rockers. My world is inherently complex, mysterious, and anti-nihilist. I am David Phan, somebody who spends his weekends debating in a three piece suit, other days immersed within the punk rock culture, and some days writing opinionated blogs about underwear. 3) When I realized I was a punk rocker philosopher. One summer night, my friend took me to an underground hardcore punk rock show. After the show, I met and became a part of this small community. Many were lost and on a constant soul-search, and to my surprise, many, like myself, did not have a blue Mohawk or a nose piercing. Many were just ordinary people discussing Nietzsche, string theory, and governmental ideologies. Many were also artists creating promotional posters and inventive slogans for stickers. As her bony hands shredded the green lips, a look of determination grew on her face. Though her withered hands no longer displayed the swiftness and precision they once did, her face showed the aged rigor of a professional. For the first time in years, the smell of garlic filled the air and the rattling of the silver bowl resonated throughout the house. I had been typing an English essay when I heard my cat's loud meows and the flutter of wings. I had turned slightly at the noise and had found the barely breathing bird in front of me.

Chapter 23 the Evolution of Populations - 6020 Words

Biology, 7e (Campbell) Chapter 23: The Evolution of Populations Chapter Questions 1) What is the most important missing evidence or observation in Darwins theory of 1859? A) the source of genetic variation B) evidence of the overproduction of offspring C) evidence that some organisms became extinct D) observation that variation is common in populations E) observation that competition exists in populations Answer: A Topic: Concept 23.1 Skill: Knowledge 2) Which hypothesis of inheritance, common at Darwins time, caused many to question the ability of natural selection to bring about adaptation in populations? A) particulate hypothesis B) blending hypothesis C) chromosomal hypothesis D) nucleic acid hypothesis E)†¦show more content†¦What is the percentage of the population that is heterozygous for this allele? A) 3 B) 9 C) 21 D) 30 E) 42 Answer: E Topic: Concept 23.1 Skill: Application 12) In a Hardy-Weinberg population with two alleles, A and a, that are in equilibrium, the frequency of allele a is 0.2. What is the frequency of individuals with Aa genotype? A) 0.20 B) 0.32 C) 0.42 D) 0.80 E) Genotype frequency cannot be determined from the information provided. Answer: B Topic: Concept 23.1 Skill: Application 13) In a population with two alleles, A and a, the frequency of a is 0.50. What would be the frequency of heterozygotes if the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? A) 1.00 B) 0.75 C) 0.50 D) 0.25 E) 0.10 Answer: C Topic: Concept 23.1 Skill: Application 14) Most copies of harmful recessive alleles in a sexual species are carried by individuals that are A) haploid. B) polymorphic. C) homozygous for the allele. D) heterozygous for the allele. E) B and C Answer: D Topic: Concept 23.1 Skill: Knowledge 15) In a population with two alleles, A and a, the frequency of A is 0.2. Organisms that are homozygous for A die before reaching sexual maturity. In five generations, what would be the frequency of individuals with aa genotypes? A) less than 0.04 B) 0.04 C) 0.32 D) 0.64 E) greater than 0.64Show MoreRelatedBrian Skyrms Evolution of the Social Contract1661 Words   |  7 PagesSkyrms book, Evolution of the Social Contract, offers a compelling explanation as to why individuals, when placed with one-shot prisoner s dilemmas, will often cooperate, or choose the equilibrium that will benefit both parties equally. He uses examples to outline how individuals of certain environments frequently engage in activities that benefit the group at their own personal expense. Using both game theory and decision theory, Skyrms explores problems with the social contract when it isRead MoreReconciling Darwins Theory of Natural Selection and Intelligent Design835 Words   |  4 Pagescomponent of evolution. 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Assessment Of Chronic Pain - 1329 Words

Assessment Assessment of chronic pain first begins with understanding what chronic pain is. Chronic pain is any pain with or without obvious injury that lasts longer than the expected healing period. Like many chronic diseases, it has periods of remission, an absence of symptoms, and exacerbation, an increase in the severity of the symptoms. A recent study suggested that chronic pain affects about 80% of elders in nursing homes. (Pateinakis, 2013) Proper treatment of chronic pain begins with gathering subjective and objective data about the client’s pain. Before meeting with the client determine rather or not the client is capable of communicating about his or her pain. If the client is aphasic or severely demented, it may be necessary to ask family members and/or caregivers to be present during the interview to help answer questions. Even if the patient is able to communicate effectively, they may be more comfortable with loved ones nearby. 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According to the agency for health care policy and research 1992, an individuals self-report of pain is the most reliable indicator

The Soviet Union And The United States - 1603 Words

Due to the onset of the Cold War and the early 1960s, the popular and political climate in the United States changed. The relationship between the Soviet Union and the United States was directed by ideological, political and technological factors. The rivalry between the two powers rooted from their contrasting ideological principles since the United States was a democratic republic where the people believed that every citizen had equal representation in the government and the Soviet Union was a communist nation. The US embodied the principles of a democratic nation believing in the ideals of life, liberty and pursuit of happiness as well as having an economy that was based on capitalism. In contrast to the ideology of the US, the Soviet Union fell under communist rule during the Russian Revolution of 1917, which was based on the idea that all assets should be owned by the government and then divided among the citizens of the nation. The Soviet Union took communism a step further as the many of the leaders were totalitarian during the 20th century, meaning that all power was in the hands of the ruler. In 1946, Churchill declared the separation between the east and west by saying that an iron curtain had descended through the middle of Europe (Churchill Delivers Iron Curtain Speech 1). Even though the Soviets and the US fought together in WWII, the eastern communistic ideology had clashed with western democratic principles. Furthermore, the two powers were in a nuclearShow MoreRelatedUnited States And Soviet Union1221 Words   |  5 PagesFollowing World War II there was a lot of tension between two of the Allied countries. The United States and the Soviet Union were in a state of political and military tension with each other. Opposing ideologies on how to deal with the world’s affairs post World War II fueled this rivalry but there was always a tension between the two countries. 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Al Futtaim Group Case Study Essay Example For Students

Al Futtaim Group Case Study Essay Al Futtaim Motors INTRODUCTION The UAE is to position itself as a regional focal point for the commercial vehicles industry in the Middle East, which is aiming for more major growth as the market recovers from the effects of the global economic crisis. This is already a thriving business in the Middle East, and all the signs point to a great deal of expansion over the next few years as the market recovers from the economic crisis and more manufacturers start production here. The UAE is at the centre of regional growth in the commercial vehicles sector, largely due to the countrys expanding public transport requirements. An overview of the Automotive Industry in UAE Auto sales in the UAE are expected to rise 5 per cent between 2009 and 2010 as an easing in liquidity conditions boosts confidence in the sector. 1 A general high-level of disposable income and renewed consumer confidence in the UAE on the back of easing liquidity conditions, provides a favorable background for the auto sector in the coming months. Furthermore, plans for a car production plant in the UAE could help initiate a local automotive manufacturing industry. Since the UAE is the fastest growing auto market in the Middle East, the sector is in a position to expand with preliminary plans for a car production plant to help spawn a local auto manufacturing industry already in place. The automotive sector was affected by the financial crisis as banks became more cautious in granting auto loans; but with the UAE accelerating on the path to economic recovery, banks are now being more flexible with auto financing which will no doubt benefit the sector, fuel the demand, and ultimately increase sales. The analysis disclosed that it is increasingly apparent that the UAE automotive market is mature, with vehicle ownership rates of over 540 per 1,000 inhabitants a rate that exceeds most of the developing world. Car dealers in the UAE are optimistic on the outlook for the second half of 2009 and are confident that their sales will grow though at a lower rate, in what seems like a challenging year on the back of the global financial crisis. This is primarily down to an easing in lending conditions with banks loosening their belts and imposing lower rates and more lenient requirements on borrowers. Over 70 per cent of new car purchases are made on credit in the UAE. The combination of relatively high living standards, a growing population in the UAE, as well as a resurgence in oil prices, have been the key driving forces behind the growth in the auto sector in the UAE. Despite an expected slowdown in auto sales this year, the outlook based on resurgence in consumer demand on the back of a pick-up in the global economy is likely to lead to robust growth in 2010 and beyond. Whilst the UAE does not possess a sizable domestic automobile manufacturing capability, its high national wealth has created a niche market for sales of imported vehicles in recent years, and there is a large re-export trade based on the countrys regional status as a key strategic location. Car ownership is expected to rise above 55 per cent this year for the first time in the countrys history. The analysis further revealed that though Abu Dhabi contributes over 55 per cent to overall UAE GDP, its economy is dominated by the energy sector. Thus, it is diversified Dubai that is experiencing the most rapid growth, and it has taken a lead in the auto sector, accounting for nearly 50 per cent of the total vehicle stock. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Al-Futtaim Motors are the sole distributors for Toyota, Lexus and Hino brands in the UAE. Since the companys inception in 1955 it holds the pre-eminent position of being the largest distributor of automotive products and services in the UAE. In addition, the company holds the distinction of being one of the largest private conglomerates in the gulf region. Al Futtaim Motors represent the HINO brand in the UAE since 1985. Hino Division strives to be the first choice provider of products and services to the road transport industry within the United Arab Emirates by providing outstanding quality in our range of products and services. They are the only recognized and established distributor in the UAE who can boast of offering a complete range of Light, Medium and Heavy duty trucks to suit all logistical requirements. Mission Our mission is to become the chosen destination for consumers, partners and employees. Values-in-action Our ‘values-in-action’ are listening, learning and leading. We listen because what matters for consumers is what matters for our business. We learn because by learning we grow. We lead because by leading we create tomorrow’s success. COMPANY SUMMARY Established in the 1930s as a trading business, Al-Futtaim is one of the most progressive regional business houses headquartered in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Structured into six divisions; automotive, retail, electronics, engineering and technology, real estate, financial services and general services, Al-Futtaim operates through more than 60 companies and maintains a decentralized approach, giving individual businesses flexibility and versatility to maintain a competitive stance. Products and Services Toyota Toyota cars and 44 vehicles have constantly evolved over the years, and have quite rightly become benchmarks in their respective market segments, setting unrivalled standards in the automobile industry. A name that spells quality and value for money, Toyota enjoys a majority market share in the highly competitive and consumer conscious UAE market. Each one of its wide spectrum of vehicles is a leader in its class and the first choice of discerning consumers. With an exhaustive range of passenger cars that is designed to satisfy every customer and meet every possible budget, Toyota continues to dominate the UAE roads. Be it the revolutionary Echo, sporty xA, reliable Corolla, elegant Camry, the luxurious Avalon, the spacious Innova, the new Yaris Hatchback to the all new Yaris Sedan, each model is a winner in its class. No need to wonder, therefore, why every fourth passenger car in the UAE is a Toyota. For a country that offers a unique off-road experience, Toyota has an impressive line-up of 4 x4s. From the fun machine RAV4, to the affordable Prado, the mighty Landcruiser and the all new Fortuner, Toyota continues to lead the way. And thats not all. Toyotas unmatched range also includes light commercial vehicles such as the all New HILUX pickup cabs, vans like the HIACE, and passenger coaches like the COASTER. Toyota engineers have worked long and hard to make the year all models even better (a difficult job by any standards). The Movement Steel Cam Lock EssayBrand new dealership development in Abu Dhabi had been launched which is just one of many investments they are currently making in order to continue to deliver exemplary customer service to all Toyota drivers in the UAE. Expanding on the expansion plans, New product launches are not only news, Al-Futtaim Motors have been making considerable investment in premises designed to offer to customers the best and most convenient service. Opening of new dealership in Abu Dhabi in the new year with the major Motorworld development in the same city are being constructed over the next two years. And here in Dubai they are making further investment in aftersales facilities. So whilst many say the economic future remains uncertain we, at Al-Futtaim Motors, are confident of a successful 2010. 2009 sales performance Over the past 11 months, 2009 has been a challenging year but sales have now regained a steady pace, with an upward trend in recent months as bank lending and customer confidence have increased. Core vehicles such as the Toyota Camry and Yaris continue to lead their segments with the Camry increasing market share in the large passenger segment. Yaris sales now account for half of all cars sold in the small passenger car segment. In the 44 market, the iconic Land Cruiser continues to significantly dominate the large 44 segment while Toyota monopolises the medium 44 market with the Prado, FJ Cruiser and Fortuner models. We expect Toyotas share of this segment to increase with the recent launch of the fourth generation Land Cruiser Prado, as existing loyal and new customers find the new Land Cruiser Prado offers a perfect blend of on and off-road capability. Motor Show visitors have the chance to test-drive the new Land Cruiser Prado on a urpose built course at the Trade Centre Plaza, outside the Ibis Hotel. Drivers will experience the five speed crawl control on a challenging hill climb and descent and discover the overall vehicle stability through an angled 30 degree side ramp while a series of uneven platforms demonstrate its class-leading wheel articulation. New vehicles unveiled Avid off-road drivers will welcome the news that Al-Futtaim Motors has chosen the Dubai Motor Show to launch new versions of the iconic FJ Cruiser and Land Cruiser models. The FJ Stealth model features a cool matt black exterior, tinted windows roof rails, lights and black alloys. Overall a slick transformation that is as serious about its appearance as its performance. As Land Cruiser enters its 60th year of production in 2010, Al-Futtaim Motors has teamed up with the renowned 4 wheel drive modification specialists Arctic Truck. Arctic Truck has earned its reputation by developing vehicles for the military as well as for expeditions to the harshest places on the planet such as Antarctica and Greenland and has now a modification centre in the UAE where it is developing vehicles to tackle all the Middle East can throw at it! The first result of this partnership is the incredible Land Cruiser Xtreme. The imposing Xtreme benefits from 35 inch wheels and a specialist 40 mm suspension lift and up rated shock absorbers which means it takes the Land Cruisers already legendary off road performance to another level. These modified vehicles provide an enhanced off-road experience coupled with a unique robust styling that is popular with Toyota enthusiasts. Today, Al-Futtaim Motors proudly presents the Middle East debut of Toyotas latest developments in the field of sustainable mobility – the i-REAL and the 1/X. These vehicles highlight our determination to turn our vision for sustainable mobility into a reality, not just a dream car concept. The 1/X (one-tenth) concept completely redefines the meaning of environmental responsibility. The name says it all: a car that weighs a fraction of others in its class today, uses a fraction of the fuel, and produces a fraction of the CO2 emissions. The i-REAL is nearing full utilization giving the opportunity to demonstrate it in action here at the show. Choreographed performances are scheduled for every hour throughout the five day show. The i-REAL, a one-seated, three-wheeled vehicle powered by electricity, can travel up to 30 kilometres on a full battery charge. The vehicle neatly adapts to suit the driving environment transforming from an upright and slow-moving position amongst pedestrians to a lower-angled formation for stable performance at high speeds. These vehicles are particularly pertinent to this years show as Mr Frith joins other industr y experts to discuss sustainable mobility issues in the regions first Sustainable Mobility Forum on day three of the Motor Show. Toyota is in good shape moving forward into 2010. The new editions to the range that the company is displaying for the first time at the show will help them build on position as the UAE number one. Equally important is the investment in the sales and after-sales facilities for our customers. We have a responsibility to our customers to provide them with the best service in the UAE and with our continued support from the Toyota Motor Corporation, we will continue to strive to do so MANAGEMANT Employing in excess of 20, 000 people across the UAE, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Egypt, Syria, Pakistan, Singapore and Europe, this approach benefits employees, providing a clearly defined work culture where individuals are empowered with authority and responsibility for their work. The success of Al-Futtaim is attributed to proactively manage change whilst upholding the values of integrity, service and social responsibility. The majority of businesses, built on a portfolio of world leading brands, dominate their sector. Global Learning and Development Manager The demand for employee development with emphasis on personal effectiveness and essential business skills has significantly increased in the Middle East. As a result, we engaged Al-Futtaim Training Centre to support this demand by tilizing their trainer resources to deliver GE programmes across the region. The support of a local training partner has enabled us to deliver considerably more courses on-site in the UAE and Qatar, which has resulted in measurably improved leadership skills and higher employee engagement in the region.

Operation Manager free essay sample

http://www. google. co. in/search? sclient=psyhl=ensite=source=hpq=job+deisgnbtnK=Google+Search Functions and Activities of Operations Management August 11th, 2009Leave a commentGo to comments Operations management involves the management of human,technology and system resources. The operations management functions,like in other management disciplines, include planning,directing,organizing,staffing,motivating and controlling to achieve the set organizational goals. In addition to the above management functions operation managers perform many other activities as given below. . Facility location and lay out design-The facility location activity involves the decision of the location for the facility,manufacturing unit or service outfit,geographically. The layout design determines how the internal facilities (departments,equipments,service stations,workstations etc ) will be arranged. 2. Job design and work measurement-The job design activity involves the structuring of work tasks assign ed to an employee and the study of the tasks that make up the job. We will write a custom essay sample on Operation Manager or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The work measurement activity involves the timing of the tasks that comprise a job. The job design and work measurement activities are carried out to optimize output. Design of the production processes, type of process design,and investment and economic analysis also studied to achieve maximum productivity 3. Demand forecasting-Organizations need to forecast the demand for their products and services so that all relevant plans can be developed for the future. Operation managers need to estimate future demand as accurately as possible as this will influence not only the requirement of manpower resources but also the utilization of working capital. Various types of quantitative and non-quantitative forecasting techniques are used in operation management. 4. Planning and controlling operations-Planning is the most important function performed by an operations manager. Planning may be long range(strategic),short range(operational) or medium range(tactical). An operational management plan follows as a sequel to the overall corporate planning and includes marketing,financial,personnel/MIS, other plans at the functional level and departmental plans for the purchasing,inventory,assembly,finishing etc. Aggregate plans define how the resources can be best employed to meet market demand for the given products 5. Materials management-The materials management activity involves the grouping of management functions supporting materials flow. Materials management includes activities starting from purchase and internal control of production materials,the planning and control of unfinished products in process at various stages of production and the warehousing,shipping and distribution of the finished product 6. Inventory control and management-The inventory management activity is concerned with the planning and control of inventories of raw materials,consumables,work in progress materials,other economic resourses and finished goods. 7. Purchase management-This function is a subsystem   of the materials management and is of special importance in a typical manufacturing firm where 50-60%of the total costs is made up of purchases. Purchase management functions include vendor development,selection of suppliers,contract negotiation,value analysis,make or buy decisions and maintaining the high ethics 8. Total Quality Management-This is a management concept that focuses the collective efforts of all managers and employees on satisfying customer expectations by continually improving operation management processes and products. 9. Supply chain management-Supply chain can be described as the network covering the various stages in the provision of products or services to the customers. Supply chain management integrates procurement,operations and logistics to provide value added products or services. Effective management of the supply chain enables organisations to meet customer requirements in time with improved facility utilisation,optimimal inventory etc. 10. Project Management-A thorough knowledge of project management procedures,tools and techniques is essential for the operations manager as almost all organizations embark upon projects of one kind or another almost all the time. Also some project oriented organizations take years to deliver their products. Project management uses basic tools like PERT/CPM and their advanced versions for planning ,scheduling and expediting. 1. Maintenance management-The objective of maintenance management is to ensure that the systems are working at their optimum efficiency and is essential to the organization for productivity,increase operational life of equipments and kep safe working conditions. Maintenance management uses modern preventive and predictive maintenance tools and monitoring techniques Operation Management Definition Paper Op eration Management Definition Paper The purpose of this paper is to describe the importance of operations management to a health care organization. In addition, the author of this paper will provide a personal definition of what operations management means and why is important to a healthcare organization. According to the Institute of Operations Management The cost of providing fast, reliable health care is always an emotive issue, but it has been brought to the fore again via the Gershon report, which is challenging the established Health Care Supply Chain. As a precursor to more specific events that look at how operations management can help practitioners make best use of additional funding to improve patient care and enhance the working lives of Health Care Professionals. The essential healthcare management functions are organized into three major groups of activities governing, caring, and learning with a focus on reaching excellence in community healthcare. Within Is this essay helpful? Join  OPPapers  to read more and access more than 470,000 just like it! GET  BETTER  GRADES these activities, each system is described in terms of what it must do to make the whole system effective. Implementing and sustaining change is one of the most difficult tasks for any management -but change is a fact of life in any modern enterprise and, without the ability to manage change, no company can hope to survive it. Operations Managers addresses the practical issues that surround planning and implementing change, including motivating a business to change, engaging staff in the change process, determining performance measures and sustaining the benefits achieved in the initial change process. According to Stevenson (2002), operations management is the management of that part of an organization that is responsible for producing goods and/or services. Operations management is that part of a business organization responsible for planning and coordinating the use of the organizations resources to convert inputs into outputs. The operations function is one of three job description A broad,  general, and written  statement  of a specific job, based on the findings of a  job analysis. It generally  includesduties, purpose,  responsibilities,  scope, and  working conditions  of a job along with the  jobs  title, and the name or  designation  of the  person  to whom the  employeereports. Job  description  usually  forms  the basis of  job specification. job design Work  arrangement  (or rearrangement) aimed at reducing or overcoming  job  dissatisfaction and  employee  alienationarising from repetitive and mechanistic  tasks. Through job design,  organizations  try to raise  productivity  levels  byoffering  non-monetary  rewards  such as greater  satisfactionfrom a sense of  personal  achievement in  meeting  the increased challenge and  responsibility  of ones work. Job enlargement,  job enrichment,  job rotation, and  job simplification  are the various  techniques  used in a job design  exercise. FACTORS AFFECTING JOB DESIGN Job design is affected by organizational, environmental and behavioral factors. A properly designed job will make it more productive and satisfying . If a job fails on this count, it must be redesigned based on the feedback. The various factors affecting job design are the following Organizational factors Organizational factors include characteristics of task, work flow, ergonomics and work practices. Characteristics of Task: Job design requires the assembly of a number of tasks into a job or a group of jobs. An individual may carry out one main task which consists of a number of inter-related elements or functions. On the other hand , task functions may be spilt between a team, working closely together or strung along an assembly line. In more complex jobs, individuals may carry out a variety of connected tasks, each with a number of functions, or these tasks may be allocated to a group of workers or divided between them. Complexity in a job may be a reflection of the number and variety of tasks to be carried out, or the range and scope of the decisions that have to be made, or the difficulty of predicting the outcome of decisions. The internal structure of each task, consists of three elements Planning ,Executing and Controlling. A completely integrated job will include all these elements for each of the tasks involved . The workers or group of workers having been given objectives in terms of output, quality and cost targets, decide on how the work is to be done, assemble the resources, perform the work and monitor output, quality and cost standards. Responsibility in a job is measured by the amount of authority , some one to put to do all these things. The ideal design is to integrate all the three elements. Work Flow: The flow of work in an organization is strongly influenced by the nature of the product or service. The product or service usually suggests the sequence and balance between jobs, if the work is to be done efficiently . After the sequence of jobs is determined, the balance between the jobs is established. Ergonomics: Ergonomics is concerned with designing and shaping jobs to fit the physical abilities and characteristics of individuals so that ,they perform the jobs effectively . Ergonomics helps employees to design jobs in such a way that workers’ physical abilities and job demands are balanced . It does not alter the nature of job tasks, but alters the location of tools ,switches and other facilities, keeping in view that handling the job is the primary consideration. Work Practices: Work practices are set ways of performing work . These methods may arise from tradition or the collective wishes of employees. Work practices were till now, determined by time and motion study which established the standard time needed to complete the given job. The study required repeated observations . The accuracy of the readings depended on competence of the work study engineer . Deviations from the normal work-cycle caused distortions in measurements, was biased towards existing work practices with little effort at method’s improvement and could be carried out only when, production was under way. A new technique has now emerged which ,if introduced , could drastically alter the work practices. Called the MOST (Maynard Operating Sequence Technique) ,the technique uses a standard formula to list the motion sequence ascribed in index values. Environmental factors Environmental factors affect the job design. These factors that have a bearing on job design are employees abilities and availability and social and culture expectations. Employee Abilities and Availability: Efficiency consideration must be balanced against the abilities and availability of the people to do the work. When Henry Ford made use of the assembly line, for example , he was aware that most potential workers lacked any automobile making experience . So, jobs were designed to be simple and required little training . Therefore, considerable thought must be given, as to who will actually do the work. Social and Cultural Expectations: During the earlier days, securing a job was the primary consideration. The worker was prepared to work on any job and under any working conditions. Now, it is not the same. Literacy, knowledge and awareness of workers have improved considerably . So also, their expectations from the job ,Hence, jobs be designed to meet the expectations of workers. When designing jobs for international operations, uniform designs are almost certain to neglect national and cultural differences . Hours of work holidays, vacations, rest breaks ,religious beliefs, management styles and worker sophistication and attitudes are just some of the predictable differences that can affect the design of jobs across international borders. Failure to consider these social expectations can create social dissatisfaction, low motivation ,hard to fill job openings and a low quality of work life ,especially, when foreign nationals are involved in the home country or overseas. Behavioral Factors: Behavioral factors include feedback, autonomy, use of abilities and variety. dsv2500 Subject Re: Factors effecting job design Yes u are right Organisational, Environmental and Behavioural factors paly important role in Job Design. dsv rwaller Subject Re: Factors effecting job design Solid job design is always the first step to effective work flow. An important step that businesses forget is assessing how well the person is utilizing good work practices. Waller Associates, provides Work Measurement services (  Work Measurement: Warehousing Distribution Consulting | Waller Associates  ) utilizing Lean and MOST in the Warehousing and Distribution sections of the Supply Chain industry. They can help your company achieve the efficiency that you envisioned with your efforts to do good Job Design more at  http://www. citehr. com/4270-factors-effecting-job-design. tml#ixzz1WEZZyLRd Factors influencing job design? Answer: Job design is affected by organizational, environmental and behavioral factors. A properly designed job will make it more productive and satisfying . If a job fails on this count, it must be redesigned based on the feedback. The various factors affecting job design are the following Organizational factors Organizational factors include characte ristics of task, work flow, ergonomics and work practices. Characteristics of Task: Job design requires the assembly of a number of tasks into a job or a group of jobs. An individual may carry out one main task which consists of a number of inter-related elements or functions. On the other hand , task functions may be spilt between a team, working closely together or strung along an assembly line. In more complex jobs, individuals may carry out a variety of connected tasks, each with a number of functions, or these tasks may be allocated to a group of workers or divided between them. Complexity in a job may be a reflection of the number and variety of tasks to be carried out, or the range and scope of the decisions that have to be made, or the difficulty of predicting the outcome of decisions. The internal structure of each task, consists of three elements Planning ,Executing and Controlling. A completely integrated job will include all these elements for each of the tasks involved . The workers or group of workers having been given objectives in terms of output, quality and cost targets, decide on how the work is to be done, assemble the resources, perform the work and monitor output, quality and cost standards. Responsibility in a job is measured by the amount of authority , some one to put to do all these things. The ideal design is to integrate all the three elements. Work Flow: The flow of work in an organization is strongly influenced by the nature of the product or service. The product or service usually suggests the sequence and balance between jobs, if the work is to be done efficiently . After the sequence of jobs is determined, the balance between the jobs is established. Ergonomics: Ergonomics is concerned with designing and shaping jobs to fit the physical abilities and characteristics of individuals so that ,they perform the jobs effectively . Ergonomics helps employees to design jobs in such a way that workers physical abilities and job demands are balanced . It does not alter the nature of job tasks, but alters the location of tools ,switches and other facilities, keeping in view that handling the job is the primary consideration. Work Practices: Work practices are set ways of performing work . These methods may arise from tradition or the collective wishes of employees. Work practices were till now, determined by time and motion study which established the standard time needed to complete the given job. The study required repeated observations . The accuracy of the readings depended on competence of the work study engineer . Deviations from the normal work-cycle caused distortions in measurements, was biased towards existing work practices with little effort at methods improvement and could be carried out only when, production was under way. A new technique has now emerged which ,if introduced , could drastically alter the work practices. Called the MOST (Maynard Operating Sequence Technique) ,the technique uses a standard formula to list the motion sequence ascribed in index values. Environmental factors Environmental factors affect the job design. These factors that have a bearing on job design are employees abilities and availability and social and culture expectations. Employee Abilities and Availability: Efficiency consideration must be balanced against the abilities and availability of the people to do the work. When Henry Ford made use of the assembly line, for example , he was aware that most potential workers lacked any automobile making experience . So, jobs were designed to be simple and required little training . Therefore, considerable thought must be given, as to who will actually do the work. Social and Cultural Expectations: During the earlier days, securing a job was the primary consideration. The worker was prepared to work on any job and under any working conditions. Now, it is not the same. Literacy, knowledge and awareness of workers have improved considerably . So also, their expectations from the job ,Hence, jobs be designed to meet the expectations of workers. When designing jobs for international operations, uniform designs are almost certain to neglect national and cultural differences . Hours of work holidays, vacations, rest breaks ,religious beliefs, management styles and worker sophistication and attitudes are just some of the predictable differences that can affect the design of jobs across international borders. Failure to consider these social expectations can create social dissatisfaction, low motivation ,hard to fill job openings and a low quality of work life ,especially, when foreign nationals are involved in the home country or overseas.

Neo-liberalism and Keynesianism essays

Neo-liberalism and Keynesianism essays It is often quipped that economists base many of their theories on assumptions. The old joke is that should an economist be stranded on a desert island, he will merely assume that a boat is available and quickly depart from the island. Indeed, whilst analytically comparing Keynesian and neo-liberal economics, it seems that economists assume that every person that peruses their journal articles has an extensive and exhaustive knowledge of macroeconomics. Thus, the danger for an enquiry such as this to degenerate into a fruitless analysis of finer points in economic theory can become apparent. For that reason, these two economic theories will be examined and analysed in the broadest possible terms. The work of the British economist, John Maynard Keynes, provides the basis for the Keynesian system. During the early 1920s and 1930s, there was widespread unemployment in Britain, the causes of which were extensively debated and analysed . Having attended the Paris Conference at the end of World War I as the principal representative of the British Treasury and deputy for the chancellor of the Exchequer on the Supreme Economic Council, Keynes was a prominent figure in this debate . Following the Great Depression in 1929, unemployment levels across the globe rocketed, with US unemployment reaching 26% in 1932 . In his book, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, Keynes postulated his theory regarding the relationship between high unemployment and the deficiency in aggregate demand . Aggregate demand is the total demand for all goods and services by all buying sectors within an economy . Essentially, Keynes argued that the unemployment apparent in the United States and Britain arose as a result of a deficiency in aggregate demand, which was low because of inadequate demand for investment . In order to remedy this situation, Keynes suggested that government spending was the answer . The logic behind this is reasonably simpl...